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TOM 76 – 2025 1–4 (full volume – pdf)
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STUDIES
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EMILIAN TELEAGA, ANGELA SIMALCSIK, New results concerning the barrows of the Monteoru culture at Bârsești, in the Curvature Subcarpathians
DOI
New results concerning the barrows of the Monteoru culture at Bârsești, in the Curvature Subcarpathians
Near a late Hallstattian barrow group that S. Morintz excavated in 1957, the barrow 19, which he thought had been built in the same period, probably covered two Monteoru cremation graves. At the new excavations of 2016–2017 on the Dumbravă plateau near the village of Bârsești, a group of four Bronze Age barrows (nos. 39–42) belonging to the Monteoru culture was investigated. As the features of the recently‑excavated tumuli showed, barrow 19 was probably built in the Middle Bronze Age as well. The two graves belong to the phase Ic2 of the Monteoru culture and are dated to the first quarter of the second millennium BC. The young adults were cremated immediately postmortem at a relatively low temperature (500–800°C), and only some of the incineration remains were put in the graves.
Cremation graves underneath the barrow were found in the tumulus 42 from the Monteoru Ic2 phase. The mound was built of earth and stabilized by a stone circle and covered by stones. The barrow had central ritual pits filled with stones and was in use for more than two centuries. The barrow 41 was a complex ensemble built upon various small mounds with cremation graves and offering pits; it was used as a funeral area in the phases Monteoru Ia/IIa and IIb for nearly two centuries. The barrows 39 and 40 of the Monteoru IIb phase were not built for cremation graves but were used as a symbolically‑submitted inventory of the deceased persons.
Keywords: Bârsești, Monteoru culture, stone barrows, cremation graves, symbolic inventory, pits with stones, mound construction, anthropological analyses, radiocarbon data
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5
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DRAGOȘ MĂNDESCU, Radiocarbon dating for the Early Iron Age necropolis from Ferigile (Vâlcea county) (II) – including a date obtained for the “flat necropolis”
DOI
Radiocarbon datings for the early iron age necropolisfrom Ferigile (Vâlcea County) (II)– including a date obtained for the “flat necropolis”
In the first part, the article presents a new set of radiocarbon dates performed on samples of burnt wood from the tumulus necropolis at Ferigile, in continuation of the five dates published in the previous issue of the journal (SCIVA 75, 1–4, 2024, p. 7–35 = Măndescu 2024a). Of the eight samples submitted to the laboratory, six (from the barrows 82, 88, 105, 107, 120 and 142) correspond to the general period of the necropolis, one (from the barrow 29) proved to be “old wood” (probably fossil wood), and the last one (from the barrow 135) was unusable, probably contaminated. As a result of this approach, the number of valid radiocarbon dates for the most important Late Hallstatt archaeological monument south of the Carpathians increased to 11. These are not always in line with archaeological expectations, in addition, the calibrations being affected by the “Hallstatt plateau”. However, there is a perceptible tendency to order the conventional radiocarbon ages (BP) from the oldest, obtained from samples from the south of the necropolis (thus Ferigile‑Sud) to the most recent, provided by graves from the final horizon Ferigile III. The suggestions offered by the radiocarbon dating results are able to support, in general, the chronological scheme proposed by Alexandru Vulpe half a century ago (Dacia N.S. 21, 1977, p. 81–112 = Vulpe 1977). In the second part of the article, the radiocarbon dating of a sample of burnt wood from the “flat necropolis” at Ferigile is presented. The date obtained suggests a possible chronological synchronism with the final horizon of the tumulus necropolis. At the same time, the type of site here is also discussed, which is closer to the characteristics of the so‑called “fields of pits” rather than those of a necropolis in the proper sense of the term.
Keywords: Early Iron Age, Ferigile, chronology, 14C dating
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35
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POLLY LOCHMANN, Harald Hofmann – ein Heidelberger Archäologe in der Dobrudscha
DOI
Harald Hofmann – ein Heidelberger Archäologe in der Dobrudscha
Ein Zufall der Geschichte wollte es, dass ein Heidelberger Archäologe im Ersten Weltkrieg als Teil der deutschen Besatzung in Rumänien stationiert war und dort die Abformung von Teilen des Tropaeum Traiani in Gips initiierte. Der Hintergrund dieser Gipsabgüsse und ihr Weg nach Heidelberg, zusammen mit der Biografie und Rezeption des originalen Tropaeum Traiani in Adamklissi, waren 2021 Inhalt der dreisprachigen Pop‑up‑Ausstellung „Archäologie und Politik“, die den Weg der Gipsabgüsse von Heidelberg aus nach Rumänien rückwärts wanderte. Begleitet von den Studierenden, die im Rahmen eines Seminars die Inhalte mitgestaltet hatten, thematisierte das mobile Politik: den antiken Entstehungskontext des römischen Siegesdenkmals, dessen Wiederentdeckung und Interpretation im späten 19. Jahrhundert und Inanspruchnahme in wechselnden politischen Kontexten im Rumänien des 20. Jahrhunderts sowie die politische Umdeutung der Heidelberger Gipsabgüsse 1968.Ausstellungsformat an sechs Ausstellungsorten in drei Ländern die Verknüpfung von Archäologie und – Doch wer war Harald Hofmann, der sich 1918 so leidenschaftlich für die Abformung der Abgüsse für seinen ehemaligen Professor Friedrich von Duhn in Heidelberg einsetzte? Der vorliegende Beitrag trägt biografische Daten zur Person Harald Hofmanns zusammen und ergänzt die bisher bearbeiteten Quellen zur Geschichte der Gipsabgüsse des Siegesdenkmals im rumänischen Adamklissi um acht weitere Briefe Harald Hofmanns aus dem Jahr 1918.
Stichwörter: Tropaeum Traiani, Dobrudscha, Erster Weltkrieg, Gipsabguss, archäologische Netzwerke, Archäologie im Ersten Weltkrieg
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55
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DORIN SÂRBU, GABRIEL VASILE, A grave with a lyre-shaped buckle from the Wallachian Plain
DOI
A grave with a lyre‑shaped buckle fromthe Wallachian Plain
As part of preventive excavations, a tumulus built at the beginning of the Bronze Age was investigated near the village of Baba Ana (Prahova County) in 2023. We investigated a grave with the deceased lying supine in an oval‑shaped pit (Grave 3), in addition to other secondary burials of different periods. The skeleton was anthropologically analysed, and the results indicate that it most likely belongs to a male individual, a young adult, or at the most, a mature adult in the early stages. Moreover, a range of pathological and traumatic changes were identified. The inventory consisted only of a lyre‑shaped buckle, found on the pelvis. Considering the funerary ritual, the grave fits quite well into the cultural context between the Danube, the Carpathians and the Dniester from the 10th–14th centuries. The buckle found in the grave shows some similarities with both variant II.2.a (dated to the 10th–11th centuries) and variant II.2.b (dated to the 12th–13th centuries) of lyre‑shaped buckles. Apart from the buckle discovered at Independența, Grave 7, Prahova County, it is the second lyre‑shaped buckle from a funerary context in the Wallachia Plain so far.
Keywords: north eastern Wallachia, preventive archaeology, secondary tumulus grave, anthropological analysis, lyre‑shaped buckle, early 2nd millennium, late nomads
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93
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NOTES AND DISCUSSIONS
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CARSTEN MISCHKA, CONSTANTIN PREOTEASA, RADU BĂJENARU, ANCA-DIANA POPESCU, Gradiometric investigations on the Cetăţuia hill in Costişa
DOI
Gradiometric investigations on the Cetăţuia hill in Costişa
The paper presents the results of geophysical surveys conducted on Cetăţuia hill in Costişa and on the nearby terrace in the spring of 2025. These investigations revealed the existence of structures on the adjacent terrace that could be the remains of dwellings. The discovery of Precucuteni III pottery sherds and anthropomorphic figurines in the soil above them indicates that they may belong to this period. This supports the hypothesis that the core of the Eneolithic settlement was located on the adjacent terrace, with Cetăţuia hill being more likely just a periphery of the settlement itself. This also explains the limited presence of dwellings or hearths on the latter site. The gradiometer investigations have also provided a clearer picture of the ditches, already identified through archaeological excavations, which delimit the lower plateau of Cetăţuia.
Keywords: Costişa, eastern Romania, geophysical surveys, structures, Eneolithic settlement
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123
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DRAGOȘ HĂLMAGI, On people and stones, once again: some testimonies on Mihail Kogălniceanu’s archaeological collection
DOI
On people and stones, once again: some testimonies on Mihail Kogălniceanu’s archaeological collection
This brief report sheds light on some lesser‑known aspects of the history of Mihail Kogălniceanu’s archaeological collection, one of the most significant antiquarian collections acquired by the the National Museum of Antiquities. Based on manuscripts preserved in libraries and archives, approximately 150 Greco‑Roman inscribed and sculpted stones can be identified, along with new information concerning their provenance. The atmosphere of the period is reflected in the vivid and familiar tone of the correspondence between Kogălniceanu and his collaborators involved in the acquisition and transport of the objects.
Keywords: museology, Dobruja, correspondence, antiquities collections, stone objects, inscriptions
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135
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GABRIEL IZDRĂILĂ, DANIELA MARCU-ISTRATE, Orthodox church ‟Saint Paraschiva” in Ampoița (Meteș, Alba County). Preliminary archaeological considerations
DOI
Orthodox church ‟Saint Paraschiva” in Ampoița (Meteș, Alba County). Preliminary archaeological considerations
This paper discusses the results of the archaeological surveys carried out in October 2021 at the Orthodox Church in Ampoița, Alba County, while preparing a restoration project. Preliminary research to substantiate the project included studies of the fabric, plaster stripping on extensive surfaces, stratigraphic studies to investigate the paintings, and historical studies. The archaeological excavation was initially designed for both the interior and exterior of the building. In the end, however, it was limited to five research units all around the church, aiming to identify technical and geological data. The excavation has covered an area of 16.17 square meters, which could certainly not fully explain the development of this church, nor even correlated with the other studies. However, a complex shaping of the building was highlighted, and ten graves were uncovered, only one of them having a coin as grave good. The beginning of the church was fixed in around 1300, but different cells and extensions have been added within following centuries.
Keywords: Ampoița, medieval church, Orthodox Church, cemetery, church archaeology
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153
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Note on the name of a medieval archaeological site: Buftea – La Cârna (La Cârnă)/Mănești
DOI
Note on the name of a medieval archaeological site: Buftea – La Cârna (La Cârnă)/Mănești
This note explores the name of a medieval archaeological site located near Bucharest. Aristide Ștefănescu, who initiated research on this site, introduced it into the academic circuit under the name Buftea – Mănești. Thus, its current name was linked with its ancient name. Additionally, Ștefănescu noted that locals referred to the area with the old, ruined walls as Mănăstirea Cârna or La Cârna (Cârnă). We will delve into the origins of this name, which may reveal new insights about medieval habitation along the banks of the Colentina River.
Keywords: Middle Ages, Buftea, Mănești, Mănăstirea Cârna/La Cârna (La Cârnă)
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177
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CHRONICLE
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CONSTANTIN C. PETOLESCU, FLORIAN MATEI-POPESCU, Chronique épigraphique de la Roumanie (XLIV, 2024)
DOI
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185
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LIANA OȚA, Session annuelle de communications scientifiques de l’Institut d’Archéologie « Vasile Pârvan »
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257
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MIRCEA VICTOR ANGELESCU, 25 years from the Government Ordinance no. 43/2000 on the protection of the archaeological heritage and the declaration of some archaeological sites as areas of national interest
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325
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IULIANA BARNEA, Souvenirs du Cabinet de Dessin de l’Institut d’Archéologie
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337
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PhD THESES ABSTRACTS
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BOGDAN-ȘTEFAN DEJAN, Exterior ceramic decoration in Moldavian architecture in the 15th century
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367
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IN MEMORIAM
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Dan Elefterescu (Crișan Mușețeanu)
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371
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Ștefan Olteanu (Oana Damian)
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377
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Petru Virgil Diaconescu (Minodora Cârciumaru, Florin Gabriel Petrică)
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381
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REVIEWS
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Tetiana Shevchenko, Clay Figurines of Olbia Pontica, Part I. Collection of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine, Schwabe Verlag, Basel, 2025, 262 p. (Florina Panait-Bîrzescu)
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385
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Adela Bâltâc, Sticla antică din colecția Muzeului Național de Istorie a României/Ancient Glass in the National History Museum of Romania, Editura Mega, Cluj-Napoca, 2024, 258 p. (Adriana Panaite)
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387
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Monica Mărgineanu Cârstoiu, Sur l᾿architecture de Callatis et Tomis (III–II siècles av. J.-C. – II–III siècles ap. J.-C.), Editura ARA – „Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie”, București, 2024, 554 p., pl. 1–72 (ilustrație fotografică), pl. I–CXXXVIII (ilustrație desenată, relevee) (Livia Buzoianu)
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389
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Zeno Karl Pinter, Claudia Urduzia, Cătălin Dobrinescu, Beatrice Kelemen, Vitalie Bodolică, Răzvan C. Pop, Centenarul cercetărilor arheologice de la CAPIDAVA III. Necropola medievală I, Muzeul Național Brukenthal, Editura Muzeului Național Brukenthal, Sibiu, 2024, 186 p. (Oana Damian)
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391
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Sergiu Popovici, Angela Simalcsik, Ion Ciobanu, Serghei Agulnikov, Turanicii în sudul Moldovei. O perspectivă arheologică și antropologică asupra înmormântărilor medievale și premoderne (Seria „Istorii și documente necunoscute” – IDN, Monografii – M 8), Editura Pontos, Chișinău, 2023, 130 p. (Erwin Gáll)
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398
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Maria Crîngaci Țiplic (ed.), Spațiul sacru în orașul medieval. Perspective arheologice și istorice, Editura Mega, Cluj-Napoca, 2021, 346 p. (Flavia-Andreia Anghelescu)
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401
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Mihai Bărbulescu, Istoria arheologiei românești. Civilizația românească nr. 33, coordonator Victor Spinei, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2022, 490 p. (Erwin Gáll)
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411
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ABBREVIATIONS
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419
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