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TOME 75 – 2024 1–4 (Complete – pdf)
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STUDIES
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DRAGOŞ MĂNDESCU, Radiocarbon datings for the Early Iron Age necropolis from Ferigile (Vâlcea County)
RADIOCARBON DATINGS FOR THE EARLY IRON AGE NECROPOLIS FROM FERIGILE (VÂLCEA COUNTY)
The necropolis from Ferigile (consisting of 149 small barrows containing cremation graves) was completely excavated by Alexandru Vulpe between 1956 and 1962. With the monographic publication of 1967, this necropolis would become the defining site for the late period of the Early Iron Age south of the Carpathians. The succession of the cemetery’s phases, the relative and absolute chronology of the graves have given rise to debates and refinements over time. Six decades after the completion of the excavations at Ferigile, in the period 2020–2023 a set of five samples of organic material (burnt wood, usually improperly referred to as „charcoal”) from the graves considered defining for the site (barrows 41, 69, 72, 91 and 106) were dated by the radiocarbon method. In the selection of the samples, it was ensured that all horizons of the necropolis were represented. Even if the absolute data obtained as a result of the calibration are influenced by the “Hallstatt plateau”, they remain of interest not only from the perspective of reporting to the internal chronology of the necropolis, but especially from the perspective of an integrative approach, connecting to a wider radiocarbon column, increasingly furnished in recent years with more and more data revealed by various sites and discoveries belonging to both Fergile group and the neighboring cultural entities.
Keywords: Early Iron Age, Ferigile, chronology, 14C dating
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7
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ADRIANA GAŞPAR, Archaeology in the suburbs of Ottoman Timișoara (16th – 17th centuries)
ARCHEOLOGY IN THE SUBURBS OF OTTOMAN TIMIȘOARA (16th–17th CENTURIES)
The study makes a synthetic presentation of the archaeological excavations that took place in the perimeter of the “Palanca Mare” and “Palanca Mică” suburbs, with discoveries dated during the Ottoman administration of Timișoara (1552–1716). Of the total excavated areas, five overlapped areas from the central‑western, south‑eastern parts of the big suburb and only one was located in the small suburb. The article tries to answer questions such as those related to the beginning of living in the suburbs of Timișoara, the chronological dating of the archaeological features of the dwelling type, supply pits and household pits. It offers hypotheses based on the stratigraphic context and the analysis of the discoverrd archaeological materials.
Keywords: Timișoara, suburbs, archeology of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman fortress, Ottoman settlement
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37
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GHEORGHE ALEXANDRU NICULESCU, Certitudes and things that are not even false: the persistence of nationalist representations in archaeological research
CERTITUDES AND THINGS THAT ARE NOT EVEN FALSE: THE PERSISTENCE OF NATIONALIST REPRESENTATIONS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Archaeologists who think they can understand ethnic phenomena without using the social sciences rely on common knowledge certitudes, dominated by nationalist representations, which persist even in the thinking of those who try to find out what anthropologists and sociologists know about these phenomena, because they pay attention only to what they believe they need, i.e. definitions or concepts. This drastically reduces the impact of the social sciences on archaeological research, which is absent when those definitions and concepts, which are not even false, are used only to increase the authority of the researchers. Investigations made with such goals cannot lead to an understanding that can situate ethnic phenomena in research contexts very different from those of most archaeologists, in which social reality can be seen as relational and processual, not made of durable entities defined by essential traits.
Keywords: ethnic phenomena, culture‑historical archaeology, common knowledge, bullshit, reflexivity, epistemic break
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77
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NOTES AND DISCUSSIONS
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CRISTIAN EDUARD ŞTEFAN, DRAGOŞ MĂNDESCU, IOAN-ANDI PIŢIGOI, DRAGOŞ-ALEXANDRU MIREA, Prehistoric metal artefacts recently discovered in North-Western Wallachia (Argeș County)
PREHISTORIC METAL ARTEFACTS RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN NORTH‑WESTERN WALLACHIA (ARGEȘ COUNTY)
Recent field research combined with metal detection and stray finds led to the discovery of some special metal objects in north‑western Wallachia (Argeș County). We are talking about gold, copper or bronze artefacts with a wide typological range (axes, adornments, daggers) which cover a period between the end of the 5th millennium BC and the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. These objects complete the older discoveries of this kind (Râncăciov hoard, axes from Silișteni, Brădet or Retevoiești) and present us a more dynamic image of metal circulation that we thought before in the interval mentioned above. Regardles of the type of item (dagger, axe or adornment), these artefacts show us the presence of some elites rising especially during the 4th millennium BC, but with the seeds in the previous millennium (the Bodrogkeresztúr cemeteries, Varna, etc.). Some of the objects appear in the cist graves, other in settlements, and a part of them represent special depositions usually at higher altitudes, such as forested hills.
Keywords: Late Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Wallachia, metallurgy, axe, hair‑ring, pendant, dagger
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113
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ANCA-DIANA POPESCU, ALIN FRÎNCULEASA, The shaft-hole axe from Bordenii Mari (Prahova County) and some technological details
THE SHAFT‑HOLE AXE FROM BORDENII MARI (PRAHOVA COUNTY) AND SOME TECHNOLOGICAL DETAILS
The shaft‑hole axe was found with a metal detector in a forest on the territory of Bordenii Mari, Prahova County, near the Mislea River. It represents an isolated find. On the basis of its appearance and typological features, we consider it to be an artefact specific to the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, having analogues among the shaft‑hole axes attributed by Alexandru Vulpe to the Veselinovo II and Pătulele types. The axe was cast in a closed bivalve mould, with the metal being introduced into the mould most probably through a gate on the upper edge of the axe blade, near the shaft‑hole, a technological process used mainly in the second quarter of the 3rd millennium BC. A significant piece is missing from the butt of the axe, a fact also observed in other contemporary axes. The appearance of the socket was most likely the result of an intentional action, either it was shaped this way during casting or it was later damaged and finished. We are tempted to give more credit to the first variant, based on imaging and microscopic observations. No crack was detected in the socket walls, no impact marks, but only striations on the edge of the missing area due to a smoothing action. How much time passed between the manufacture of the axe and its deposition is directly related to the significance with which it was invested from the very first moments of its existence.
Keywords: shaft‑hole axe, mid‑3rd millennium BC, technology, deliberate damage, Lower Danube area
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135
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RADU BĂJENARU, TUDOR TURIAN, VARIA METALURGICA (IV). A shaft-hole axe of eastern type found in “Romania”
ABOUT A SHAFT‑HOLE AXE OF EASTERN TYPE FROM „ROMANIA”
The authors present a shaft‑hole axe of eastern type found in „Romania (?)”, published by Alexandru Vulpe in 1970, in the context of similar new finds. Kolontaiv‑ and Kostroma‑type of shaft‑hole axes from the North Pontic area are discussed, their dating and the context of their presence in the Lower Danube during the second half of the 3rd – first half of the 2nd millennium BC.
Keywords: Lower Danube, North Pontic area, Early and Middle Bronze Age, metallurgy, shaft‑hole axe
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149
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FLORINA PANAIT-BÎRZESCU, Marble and limestone furniture from Histria (II). Supports with zoomorphic decoration
MARBLE AND LIMESTONE FURNITURE FROM HISTRIA (II). SUPPORTS WITH ZOOMORPH DECORATION
The article publishes a series of supports with animal decoration from Histria, attesting the use of stone for a wide variety of furniture: tables, banquettes, footstools, and thrones, best represented being the table legs. The supports fall into four typological categories: 1) rectangular slab decorated with grooves and lion paw, 2) slab in the shape of a lion leg, 3) decorated with protome and 4) monopodia with marine subjects. These are dated from the 3rd century BC to the 1st century AD. For some pieces from the first two types, the archaeological context (the sacred area) contributes both to chronology, and to several observations about their functionality. Serial products are identified in double copies of the same type, as well as in details related to execution. In addition, common decorative motifs and the reproduction in limestone indicate the existence of a local workshop.
Keywords: support, furniture, trapezophore, marble, limestone, Histria, Hellenistic and Roman periods
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159
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ADRIAN BĂTRÎNA, Observations on older and newer research from Bistrița monastery (Neamț County)
OBSERVATIONS ON OLDER AND NEWER RESEARCH FROM BISTRIȚA MONASTERY (NEAMȚ COUNTY)
Our intervention is prompted by the publication of a recent book, by Adrian Andrei Rusu, in which the author aims to cleanse the immense historiography of the reign of Stephen the Great of “weeds and platitudes”. Having carefully and with real interest looked at the text of the aforementioned volume, we found, without a trace of surprise, knowing for some time the kind of discourse and scientific honesty of the aforementioned author, that almost all our interpretations, resulting from the research of important architectural monuments or medieval archaeological sites in northern Moldavia, are unjustifiably challenged and cleverly twisted. In the present intervention, we will content ourselves with offering just one example, which speaks for itself, about the methodology used by the author and, last but not least, about his personal honesty in achieving the goal he set himself, namely that of “sanitizing” the mentioned historiography. We are talking about what we discovered and interpreted, a long time ago, as the remains of the former royal residence built in the time of Alexander the Good at the Monastery of Bistrița, Neamț County.
Keywords: monastic ensembles, princely foundations, representative buildings, mural painting, 15th century, Moldova
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189
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CHRONICLE
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CONSTANTIN C. PETOLESCU, FLORIAN MATEI-POPESCU, Chronique épigraphique de la Roumanie (XLIII, 2023)
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229
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LIANA OŢA, Session annuelle de communications scientifiques de l’Institut d’Archéologie « Vasile Pârvan »
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303
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PhD THESES ABSTRACTS
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IOAN FEDOR PASCU, Landscape archaeology in medieval Sighișoara
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371
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SILVIU ILIUŢĂ, Ottoman Ciacova in the light of archaeological research
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381
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IN MEMORIAM
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Valentin Mircea Dumitraşcu (Gabriel Vasile)
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287
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Virgil Mihailescu-Bîrliba (Theodor Isvoranu)
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399
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Eugen Nicolae (Adrian Ioniţă)
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403
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REVIEWS
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Ádám Bollók, A Century of Gold. The Rise and Glory of the Avar Khaganate in the Carpathian Basin, Hereditas Archaeologicae Hungariae, Archaeolingua, Budapesta, 2021, 166 p. (Erwin Gáll)
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405
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Gheorghe Matei, Elena Renţa, Necropola medievală timpurie de la Platoneşti, judeţul Ialomiţa (sec. VIII–X), Muzeul Judeţean Ialomiţa. Seria Situri arheologice VIII, Editura Cetatea de Scaun, Târgovişte, 2023, 282 p. text, 55 pl., 102 fig. (Oana Damian)
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272
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Ion Ursu, Populaţiile turanice din spaţiul est-carpatic în secolele X–XIV (Seria Istorii şi Documente Necunoscute, Monografii 7), Editura Pontos, Chişinău, 2022, 390 p.; 257 p. text; 28 tab.; 8 diagrame şi grafice; 68 fig. (Adrian Ioniţă).
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272
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ABBREVIATIONS
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277
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